SSRs Markers: A Versatile Tools for the Study of Genetic Variations


 Molecular Markers play an important role in the study of genetic variations among the intra or  inter species upon the basis of unique alleles distributed across the genome. The short sequences repeats (SSRs) or short tandem repeats (STRs) are always remained an effective way-out for delineating genetic polymorphism within or between the individuals due to its efficacy for the assessment of unique alleles across the genome. Microsatellite markers or STRs consist higher mutation rate in contrast to others established genomic sequences for higher degree genetic differences. Till now thousands of STRs have been introduced for the evaluation of genetic diversity, characterization of an individual or breed and linkage -traits association study upon the basis of molecular estimates. There are various important applications of molecular markers that involves enhanced efficiency of conventional breeding and conservation strategies, study of quantitative trait loci (QTL), estimation of genetic diversity, construction of detailed genetic and physical chromosomal maps in the variety of organisms including animals and plants and establishment of genetic architecture of an individual for the traits of economic importance. For example, SSRs markers have successfully employed in the study of Poultry, Fishes, Animals and Plants species for attaining their molecular signatures. 

Working Methodology of SSRs Markers:

The mechanism of STRs is found quite easy with the selection and designing of  an efficient STR marker for the PCR amplification with standard protocol followed by sizing of alleles or sequencing for determining of exact allelic determinants as follows-

Selection of a Species/Individual/Resource Population

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DNA Isolation and confirmation

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Designing of a SSRs Primer

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Establishment of PCR Reactions

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PCR Amplicons

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Confirmation of PCR Amplicons by native PAGE

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Sizing of Alleles/Statistical Analysis/Bioinformatic Tools

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Linkage Study (QTLs)

Applications of SSRs Markers: 

In the study of population genetics, genetic diversity, population structure, gene flow, and evolutionary relationships among the individuals, paternity issues, Plant breeding and individual identification due to their high polymorphism. Genome mapping etc.

 


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